Best Curly Shampoo And Conditioner of 2026

Last updated on 02/04/2026
Advertising disclosure
Advertising disclosure
Most Relevant
Most Relevant
Best Discount
Lowest Price
ElectronicsHome & KitchenComputersOffice SuppliesToys & GamesSports & Fitness
Most Relevant
Most Relevant
Best Discount
Lowest Price
Best Choice
1
Only Curls Cleansing Bundle, 300ml x2, Curly Hair Shampoo and Conditioner, Sulphate-free, Nourishing, Gentle & Detangling, Hydrated & Frizz-Free, Vegan & Cruelty Free, For All Curly Hair Types
thumbnail 1
thumbnail 2
thumbnail 3
thumbnail 4

Only Curls Cleansing Bundle, 300ml x2, Curly Hair Shampoo and Conditioner, Sulphate-free, Nourishing, Gentle & Detangling, Hydrated & Frizz-Free, Vegan & Cruelty Free, For All Curly Hair Types

Only Curls
Why we love it
  • Super hydrating for soft curls.
  • Gentle formula free from harshness.
  • Perfect for all curl types.
Main Highlights
  • DETANGLE & DEFINE - Everything you need to tame your curls and waves with this carefully curated bundle, for all types of curls. This Shampoo and Conditioner duo has been designed to give your curls all the TLC they need - no more tangles. Make curly wash days and the days in-between a little easier.
  • CURLY HAIR APPROVED – Created by curl experts for all curl types, our curl-friendly products are packed with natural ingredients like Avocado, Coconut, Kukui Oil, and Aloe with a fresh citrus and coconut fragrance, to nourish both hair and scalp. These gentle yet effective formulas cleanse and condition while enhancing curl definition and reducing frizz—leaving your curls soft, healthy, and beautifully defined - all while being vegan, cruelty-free, and made in the UK.
  • HOW TO USE - Apply to wet hair and gently massage the All Curl Cleanser into a lather. Rinse thoroughly for clean, hydrated and happy curls. Follow with the All Curl Conditioner, combing through your hair as you go, to ensure that all curls are detangled whilst wet. Rinse thoroughly.
  • KIND TO CURLS – Free from sulphates, silicones, drying alcohols, parabens, mineral oils, and paraffin, our gentle formula provides effective curl care without any harsh ingredients. Cruelty-free and never tested on animals, it’s designed to care for your delicate curls, keeping them soft, healthy, and beautifully defined.
  • ONLY CURLS - Only Curls founder Lizzie's journey started when she was unable to find the perfect products to enhance her natural curls. After realizing she had the perfect solution to tame her own frizzy hair, she started sharing her understanding and expertise with so many others like her. From this her small, family run business was born, with a curly team by her side.
Show More
9.8
Exceptional
Product image 1
Product image 2
Product image 3
Product image 4
9.8
Exceptional
Only Curls

Only Curls Cleansing Bundle, 300ml x2, Curly Hair Shampoo and Conditioner, Sulphate-free, Nourishing, Gentle & Detangling, Hydrated & Frizz-Free, Vegan & Cruelty Free, For All Curly Hair Types

Why we love it
  • Super hydrating for soft curls.
  • Gentle formula free from harshness.
  • Perfect for all curl types.
Main Highlights
  • DETANGLE & DEFINE - Everything you need to tame your curls and waves with this carefully curated bundle, for all types of curls. This Shampoo and Conditioner duo has been designed to give your curls all the TLC they need - no more tangles. Make curly wash days and the days in-between a little easier.
  • CURLY HAIR APPROVED – Created by curl experts for all curl types, our curl-friendly products are packed with natural ingredients like Avocado, Coconut, Kukui Oil, and Aloe with a fresh citrus and coconut fragrance, to nourish both hair and scalp. These gentle yet effective formulas cleanse and condition while enhancing curl definition and reducing frizz—leaving your curls soft, healthy, and beautifully defined - all while being vegan, cruelty-free, and made in the UK.
  • HOW TO USE - Apply to wet hair and gently massage the All Curl Cleanser into a lather. Rinse thoroughly for clean, hydrated and happy curls. Follow with the All Curl Conditioner, combing through your hair as you go, to ensure that all curls are detangled whilst wet. Rinse thoroughly.
  • KIND TO CURLS – Free from sulphates, silicones, drying alcohols, parabens, mineral oils, and paraffin, our gentle formula provides effective curl care without any harsh ingredients. Cruelty-free and never tested on animals, it’s designed to care for your delicate curls, keeping them soft, healthy, and beautifully defined.
  • ONLY CURLS - Only Curls founder Lizzie's journey started when she was unable to find the perfect products to enhance her natural curls. After realizing she had the perfect solution to tame her own frizzy hair, she started sharing her understanding and expertise with so many others like her. From this her small, family run business was born, with a curly team by her side.
Show More
Value for Money
2
Not Your Mother's Curl Talk Shampoo and Conditioner - 355ml (Pack of 2) - Shampoo and Conditioner for Curly Hair
thumbnail 1
thumbnail 2
thumbnail 3
thumbnail 4

Not Your Mother's Curl Talk Shampoo and Conditioner - 355ml (Pack of 2) - Shampoo and Conditioner for Curly Hair

Not Your Mother's
9.7
Exceptional
Product image 1
Product image 2
Product image 3
Product image 4
9.7
Exceptional
Not Your Mother's

Not Your Mother's Curl Talk Shampoo and Conditioner - 355ml (Pack of 2) - Shampoo and Conditioner for Curly Hair

3
HAIR BURST Wavy & Curly Hair Shampoo and Conditioner Set — Sulfate, SLS, Paraben Free, CGM Approved - Nourishing Amino Acids, Almond Extract & Cherry Oil - Curl Enhancing, Frizz Control & Moisturising
thumbnail 1
thumbnail 2
thumbnail 3
thumbnail 4

HAIR BURST Wavy & Curly Hair Shampoo and Conditioner Set — Sulfate, SLS, Paraben Free, CGM Approved - Nourishing Amino Acids, Almond Extract & Cherry Oil - Curl Enhancing, Frizz Control & Moisturising

HAIR BURST
3% Off
Why we love it
  • Defines waves and curls beautifully.
  • Enhances hair strength with amino acids.
  • Lightweight, anti-static formula.
Main Highlights
  • Defined Waves & Curls – Dare to define your waves and curls with this set. A combination of deeply hydrating and frizz-reducing ingredients work together to create really refined curls and waves, with beautiful shape and body
  • Amino Acid Protection – Curly or wavy hair can fall foul of humidity or dryness, damaging the shape and health of the hair strand. This set contains hardworking amino acids that improve the strength of the hair strand and offer protection after dying the hair
  • Anti-Static Action – The unique formula ingredients are a lifeline to hair that suffers from static. By providing lightweight hydration, softening agents, and cuticle sealing, hair is saved from static while curls and waves aren’t weighed down
  • Sulfate Free – Curly hair is particularly prone to dryness. Sulfates are drying, which can lead to frizz and stripping of the hair strand. Hairburst’s Curly and Wavy Hair set is sulfate-free, to help you enjoy the best curls and waves
  • ‘Curly Girl Method’ Approved – If you’ve fallen in love with the ‘Curly Girl Method’ then there’s good news! This set is a perfect fit for your CGM routine, fitting the requirements of curl-safe ingredients. Celebrate and embrace your hair’s natural texture and shape
Show More
9.6
Superb
Product image 1
Product image 2
Product image 3
Product image 4
9.6
Superb
HAIR BURST

HAIR BURST Wavy & Curly Hair Shampoo and Conditioner Set — Sulfate, SLS, Paraben Free, CGM Approved - Nourishing Amino Acids, Almond Extract & Cherry Oil - Curl Enhancing, Frizz Control & Moisturising

3% Off
Why we love it
  • Defines waves and curls beautifully.
  • Enhances hair strength with amino acids.
  • Lightweight, anti-static formula.
Main Highlights
  • Defined Waves & Curls – Dare to define your waves and curls with this set. A combination of deeply hydrating and frizz-reducing ingredients work together to create really refined curls and waves, with beautiful shape and body
  • Amino Acid Protection – Curly or wavy hair can fall foul of humidity or dryness, damaging the shape and health of the hair strand. This set contains hardworking amino acids that improve the strength of the hair strand and offer protection after dying the hair
  • Anti-Static Action – The unique formula ingredients are a lifeline to hair that suffers from static. By providing lightweight hydration, softening agents, and cuticle sealing, hair is saved from static while curls and waves aren’t weighed down
  • Sulfate Free – Curly hair is particularly prone to dryness. Sulfates are drying, which can lead to frizz and stripping of the hair strand. Hairburst’s Curly and Wavy Hair set is sulfate-free, to help you enjoy the best curls and waves
  • ‘Curly Girl Method’ Approved – If you’ve fallen in love with the ‘Curly Girl Method’ then there’s good news! This set is a perfect fit for your CGM routine, fitting the requirements of curl-safe ingredients. Celebrate and embrace your hair’s natural texture and shape
Show More
4
Noughty 97% Natural Wave Hello Shampoo and Conditioner Duo Curl Defining Sulphate Free Vegan Hair Care Set Vitamin Rich Formula for Curly & Wavy Hair, 250ml
thumbnail 1
thumbnail 2
thumbnail 3
thumbnail 4

Noughty 97% Natural Wave Hello Shampoo and Conditioner Duo Curl Defining Sulphate Free Vegan Hair Care Set Vitamin Rich Formula for Curly & Wavy Hair, 250ml

Noughty
Why we love it
  • Enhances natural curls beautifully.
  • Deep hydration for bouncy waves.
  • 97% natural ingredients for health.
Main Highlights
  • Wave Hello Shampoo & Conditioner Duo: This curl-defining hair care kit, including Shampoo and Conditioner 250ml, is carefully designed to help prep natural waves for styling and enhance natural curls
  • DEFINE & ENHANCE CURLS: This curl-enhancing shampoo and conditioner set for waves and curls nourishes and defines waves and curls for irresistibly smooth, soft hair.
  • DEEP HYDRATION: Our Shampoo and Conditioner Set restores moisture with Noughty's curl-optimizing QuinOxy, blended with sea kelp extract and avocado oil to smooth and add hold for bouncy curls.
  • 97% NATURAL INGREDIENTS: No nasties in here - Natural and Gentle. Sea botanicals help to hydrate and add shine, for wonderfully frizz-free waves or super smooth, soft, manageable, and spiraled
  • VEGAN FRIENDLY: Cruelty free, silicone free and sulphate free with no parabens – just luscious looking locks all day long
Show More
9.6
Superb
Product image 1
Product image 2
Product image 3
Product image 4
9.6
Superb
Noughty

Noughty 97% Natural Wave Hello Shampoo and Conditioner Duo Curl Defining Sulphate Free Vegan Hair Care Set Vitamin Rich Formula for Curly & Wavy Hair, 250ml

Why we love it
  • Enhances natural curls beautifully.
  • Deep hydration for bouncy waves.
  • 97% natural ingredients for health.
Main Highlights
  • Wave Hello Shampoo & Conditioner Duo: This curl-defining hair care kit, including Shampoo and Conditioner 250ml, is carefully designed to help prep natural waves for styling and enhance natural curls
  • DEFINE & ENHANCE CURLS: This curl-enhancing shampoo and conditioner set for waves and curls nourishes and defines waves and curls for irresistibly smooth, soft hair.
  • DEEP HYDRATION: Our Shampoo and Conditioner Set restores moisture with Noughty's curl-optimizing QuinOxy, blended with sea kelp extract and avocado oil to smooth and add hold for bouncy curls.
  • 97% NATURAL INGREDIENTS: No nasties in here - Natural and Gentle. Sea botanicals help to hydrate and add shine, for wonderfully frizz-free waves or super smooth, soft, manageable, and spiraled
  • VEGAN FRIENDLY: Cruelty free, silicone free and sulphate free with no parabens – just luscious looking locks all day long
Show More
5
Cantu Sulphate Free Shampoo & Conditioner 12oz with Shea Butter Moisturizing Curl Activator Cream 12oz
thumbnail 1
thumbnail 2
thumbnail 3
thumbnail 4

Cantu Sulphate Free Shampoo & Conditioner 12oz with Shea Butter Moisturizing Curl Activator Cream 12oz

CANTU
9% Off
Why we love it
  • Sulfate-free for healthier hair.
  • Includes moisturizing curl activator.
  • Generous size, great value.
Main Highlights
  • Moisturizes & De-frizzes
  • Sulfate Free
  • Paraben Free
Show More
9.4
Superb
Product image 1
Product image 2
Product image 3
Product image 4
9.4
Superb
CANTU

Cantu Sulphate Free Shampoo & Conditioner 12oz with Shea Butter Moisturizing Curl Activator Cream 12oz

9% Off
Why we love it
  • Sulfate-free for healthier hair.
  • Includes moisturizing curl activator.
  • Generous size, great value.
Main Highlights
  • Moisturizes & De-frizzes
  • Sulfate Free
  • Paraben Free
Show More
6
Shea Moisture - Jamaican Black Castor Oil Shampoo & Conditioner Set
thumbnail 1
thumbnail 2
thumbnail 3
thumbnail 4

Shea Moisture - Jamaican Black Castor Oil Shampoo & Conditioner Set

Shea Moisture
Why we love it
  • Promotes healthy hair growth.
  • Soothes damaged, chemically treated hair.
  • Moisturizes and softens strands.
Main Highlights
  • Shea Moisture - Jamaican Black Castor Oil Shampoo & Conditioner 13 oz Set
Show More
9.2
Superb
Product image 1
Product image 2
Product image 3
Product image 4
9.2
Superb
Shea Moisture

Shea Moisture - Jamaican Black Castor Oil Shampoo & Conditioner Set

Why we love it
  • Promotes healthy hair growth.
  • Soothes damaged, chemically treated hair.
  • Moisturizes and softens strands.
Main Highlights
  • Shea Moisture - Jamaican Black Castor Oil Shampoo & Conditioner 13 oz Set
Show More
7
John Frieda Frizz Ease Dream Curls Shampoo & Conditioner Duo Pack 2 x 500ml, Haircare Bundle for Curly, Wavy Hair, Anti-Frizz Haircare Set for Curls
thumbnail 1
thumbnail 2
thumbnail 3
thumbnail 4

John Frieda Frizz Ease Dream Curls Shampoo & Conditioner Duo Pack 2 x 500ml, Haircare Bundle for Curly, Wavy Hair, Anti-Frizz Haircare Set for Curls

John Frieda
15% Off
Why we love it
  • Sulphate free gentle lather formula.
  • Enhances bouncy, defined curls.
  • Suitable for colour-treated hair.
Main Highlights
  • Anti-frizz Shampoo & Conditioner set for naturally wavy & curly hair
  • Sulphate free* gentle lather formula shampoo (*SLS/SLES)
  • Cleanses & nourishes for bouncy, defined curls
  • Expertly formulated with Rosehip Oil and Curl Enhancing Technology
  • Vegan-friendly ingredients
  • Suitable for colour-treated hair
  • John Frieda is in the process of switching over to a flip-cap lid, instead of a pump - So please note, packaging may vary from the image shown
Show More
9.1
Superb
Product image 1
Product image 2
Product image 3
Product image 4
9.1
Superb
John Frieda

John Frieda Frizz Ease Dream Curls Shampoo & Conditioner Duo Pack 2 x 500ml, Haircare Bundle for Curly, Wavy Hair, Anti-Frizz Haircare Set for Curls

15% Off
Why we love it
  • Sulphate free gentle lather formula.
  • Enhances bouncy, defined curls.
  • Suitable for colour-treated hair.
Main Highlights
  • Anti-frizz Shampoo & Conditioner set for naturally wavy & curly hair
  • Sulphate free* gentle lather formula shampoo (*SLS/SLES)
  • Cleanses & nourishes for bouncy, defined curls
  • Expertly formulated with Rosehip Oil and Curl Enhancing Technology
  • Vegan-friendly ingredients
  • Suitable for colour-treated hair
  • John Frieda is in the process of switching over to a flip-cap lid, instead of a pump - So please note, packaging may vary from the image shown
Show More
8
Garnier Method For Curls shampoo, mask & spray set. Up to 7 days of moisture & curl definition. Designed, tested & approved on all curl types, including type 4 curls & coils. Silicone free.
thumbnail 1
thumbnail 2
thumbnail 3
thumbnail 4

Garnier Method For Curls shampoo, mask & spray set. Up to 7 days of moisture & curl definition. Designed, tested & approved on all curl types, including type 4 curls & coils. Silicone free.

Garnier
52% Off
Why we love it
  • Powerful hydration for curls.
  • Vegan and silicone-free formula.
  • Transformative results after one wash.
Main Highlights
  • Discover NEW Garnier Method For Curls Shampoo.
  • Garnier Method For Curls Mask 370ml
  • Garnier Method For Curls Moisture Spray, up to 7 days moisture and curl definition. Powered by Hyaluronic Acid & Shea Butter. Designed, tested & approved on all curl types, including type 4 curls & coils. Silicone free for a natural feel, Vegan Formula, 150ml
  • Powered by 5% Hyaluronic Acid & Shea Butter to fill curls with moisture and definition for up to 7 days.
  • Designed, tested and approved on all curl types, including type 4 curls & coils. Our formula is sulphate free (4), silicone free for a natural feel and 100% vegan(5).
  • RESULTS: Curls are instantly transformed with up to 72H moisture and curl definition (1). After just 1 wash: Hair is up to 92% smoother (2) Curls feel moisturised and are gently cleansed
Show More
8.9
Excellent
Product image 1
Product image 2
Product image 3
Product image 4
8.9
Excellent
Garnier

Garnier Method For Curls shampoo, mask & spray set. Up to 7 days of moisture & curl definition. Designed, tested & approved on all curl types, including type 4 curls & coils. Silicone free.

52% Off
Why we love it
  • Powerful hydration for curls.
  • Vegan and silicone-free formula.
  • Transformative results after one wash.
Main Highlights
  • Discover NEW Garnier Method For Curls Shampoo.
  • Garnier Method For Curls Mask 370ml
  • Garnier Method For Curls Moisture Spray, up to 7 days moisture and curl definition. Powered by Hyaluronic Acid & Shea Butter. Designed, tested & approved on all curl types, including type 4 curls & coils. Silicone free for a natural feel, Vegan Formula, 150ml
  • Powered by 5% Hyaluronic Acid & Shea Butter to fill curls with moisture and definition for up to 7 days.
  • Designed, tested and approved on all curl types, including type 4 curls & coils. Our formula is sulphate free (4), silicone free for a natural feel and 100% vegan(5).
  • RESULTS: Curls are instantly transformed with up to 72H moisture and curl definition (1). After just 1 wash: Hair is up to 92% smoother (2) Curls feel moisturised and are gently cleansed
Show More
9
Aussie Curls Bundle: Aussie Bouncy Curls Shampoo 300ml, 3 Minute Miracle Deep Conditioner 250ml, Work That Cream 160ml
thumbnail 1
thumbnail 2
thumbnail 3
thumbnail 4

Aussie Curls Bundle: Aussie Bouncy Curls Shampoo 300ml, 3 Minute Miracle Deep Conditioner 250ml, Work That Cream 160ml

Aussie
Why we love it
  • Hydrating formula for curly hair.
  • Intense moisture for soft curls.
  • Deliciously fragrant, exotic scents.
Main Highlights
  • QUENCH YOUR CURLY HAIR'S THIRST: Gentle and extra-hydrating shampoo for dry wavy and curly hair
  • MIRACLE CURLY HAIR TREATMENT: Rinse-out or leave-in deep conditioner delivering 2x more conditioning (to be exact) for moisture and softness, ensuring 3 days of soft and smooth wavy and curly hair
  • ALL DAY DEFINITION FOR CURLY HAIR: This leave-in conditioner and curl cream will revive and keep your curly hair defined and hydrated all day
  • ICONIC AUSSIE SCENTS: Yummy, luscious, exotic scents with notes of passionfruit, orange and coconut milk, for hair that smells divine
  • CRUELTY FREE: Aussie is recognized by PETA as a cruelty-free brand against animal testing; the Shampoo and the Leave-in Cream are also vegan
Show More
8.9
Excellent
Product image 1
Product image 2
Product image 3
Product image 4
8.9
Excellent
Aussie

Aussie Curls Bundle: Aussie Bouncy Curls Shampoo 300ml, 3 Minute Miracle Deep Conditioner 250ml, Work That Cream 160ml

Why we love it
  • Hydrating formula for curly hair.
  • Intense moisture for soft curls.
  • Deliciously fragrant, exotic scents.
Main Highlights
  • QUENCH YOUR CURLY HAIR'S THIRST: Gentle and extra-hydrating shampoo for dry wavy and curly hair
  • MIRACLE CURLY HAIR TREATMENT: Rinse-out or leave-in deep conditioner delivering 2x more conditioning (to be exact) for moisture and softness, ensuring 3 days of soft and smooth wavy and curly hair
  • ALL DAY DEFINITION FOR CURLY HAIR: This leave-in conditioner and curl cream will revive and keep your curly hair defined and hydrated all day
  • ICONIC AUSSIE SCENTS: Yummy, luscious, exotic scents with notes of passionfruit, orange and coconut milk, for hair that smells divine
  • CRUELTY FREE: Aussie is recognized by PETA as a cruelty-free brand against animal testing; the Shampoo and the Leave-in Cream are also vegan
Show More
10
Bed Head by TIGI 750ml Recovery Shampoo and Conditioner Set - Deep Moisture, Salon-Pro, Shampoo and Conditioner for Dry, Heat Damaged Hair to Control Frizz, Unisex Colour Protection Hair Treatment
thumbnail 1
thumbnail 2
thumbnail 3
thumbnail 4

Bed Head by TIGI 750ml Recovery Shampoo and Conditioner Set - Deep Moisture, Salon-Pro, Shampoo and Conditioner for Dry, Heat Damaged Hair to Control Frizz, Unisex Colour Protection Hair Treatment

TIGI
Why we love it
  • Revives and rejuvenates tired locks.
  • Provides salon-standard style everyday.
  • Prevents future hair damage.
Main Highlights
  • Bed Head Recovery moisturising shampoo and conditioner for dry and damaged hair rejuvenate your tired locks to leave them looking shiny, healthy and full of life
  • Hydrating shampoo: cleanse and remove dirt and grime from your hair for freshness and vitality. Designed for unhappy hair, Bed Head nourishing shampoo gives your hair a reviving boost
  • Bed Head conditioner: follow up the silky shampoo with a deep conditioning hair treatment to fight frizz and hydrate, smooth and soften locks for a luxurious, glossy look
  • The hair repair dream team: TIGI Bed Head shampoo and conditioner are ideal as a dry, damaged hair treatment, safe to use on coloured hair and even help prevent future damage too
  • Professional haircare at home: the Recovery duo combines the power of a 750ml professional shampoo with a 750ml recovery conditioner for salon-standard style every day
Show More
8.8
Excellent
Product image 1
Product image 2
Product image 3
Product image 4
8.8
Excellent
TIGI

Bed Head by TIGI 750ml Recovery Shampoo and Conditioner Set - Deep Moisture, Salon-Pro, Shampoo and Conditioner for Dry, Heat Damaged Hair to Control Frizz, Unisex Colour Protection Hair Treatment

Why we love it
  • Revives and rejuvenates tired locks.
  • Provides salon-standard style everyday.
  • Prevents future hair damage.
Main Highlights
  • Bed Head Recovery moisturising shampoo and conditioner for dry and damaged hair rejuvenate your tired locks to leave them looking shiny, healthy and full of life
  • Hydrating shampoo: cleanse and remove dirt and grime from your hair for freshness and vitality. Designed for unhappy hair, Bed Head nourishing shampoo gives your hair a reviving boost
  • Bed Head conditioner: follow up the silky shampoo with a deep conditioning hair treatment to fight frizz and hydrate, smooth and soften locks for a luxurious, glossy look
  • The hair repair dream team: TIGI Bed Head shampoo and conditioner are ideal as a dry, damaged hair treatment, safe to use on coloured hair and even help prevent future damage too
  • Professional haircare at home: the Recovery duo combines the power of a 750ml professional shampoo with a 750ml recovery conditioner for salon-standard style every day
Show More

We scanned 1126 products

We reviewed these offers relevant to the Curly Shampoo And Conditioner within online retailers such as Amazon, eBay and other local retailers, ensuring we covered all major brands and models. The products we selected come from trusted brands like Only Curls, Not Your Mother's, HAIR BURST, Noughty, CANTU, Shea Moisture, John Frieda, Garnier, Aussie, TIGI, all of which have a reputation for consistently delivering high-quality products that users love and innovative approaches for function & design.
For the best Curly Shampoo And Conditioner in the market, we considered we took a deep dive into 5631 online reviews , focusing on elements like user satisfaction, performance in real-world conditions, and long-term reliability. Our ranking also evaluates each review’s relevancy, authenticity, up-to-dateness and depth so that the comparison is more sound.

We concluded that: